Peroxisome Proliferators for PPAR Nuclear Receptor - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePeroxisome Proliferators for PPAR Nuclear Receptor. Answer: The PPAR nuclear receptor subfamilyis composed of PPAR, also known as PPAR, along with PPAR and PPAR. These receptors regulate transcription by binding to segments of DNA containing 2 repeats of AGGTCA sequence separated by 1 nucleotide in promoter region. PPAR is expressed in the skeletal muscles, adipose tissue (brown), liver, heart and intestinal mucosa. PPAR and PPAR are ubiquitously expressed in liver, kidneys, intestine, adipose tissue in abdomen and skeletal muscles. PPAR is most widely studied and generally expressed in the white and brown adipose tissues, spleen, liver, and the large intestine (Lagan et al. 2016). These transcription factors are ligand activated. On interacting with their synthetic or natural agonists (Thiazolidinediones), they translocate inside the nucleus and heterodimerize with a receptor for retinoid acid, NR2B or RNR. Dietary fatty acids, principally polyunsaturated fatty acids activate the receptors, which control various metabolic activities like glu cose and lipid metabolism (Monsalve et al. 2013). They also regulate energy balance in the body. They are responsible for controlling the expression of genes in type II diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndromes and dyslipidemia. PPAR is activated in the adipocytes and induces fat cell apoptosis in visceral and subcutaneous deposits. It also leads to pre-adipocyte cells differentiation into mature fat cells in subcutaneous fat deposits of human beings. It is associated with upregulation of triglyceride storage and lipogenesis genes. The PPAR shows maximum expression in metabolic tissues and is currently not a target for any drug or therapeutic study (Reilly and Lee 2008). References Lagan, A.S., Vitale, S.G., Nigro, A., Sofo, V., Salmeri, F.M., Rossetti, P., Rapisarda, A.M.C., La Vignera, S., Condorelli, R.A., Rizzo, G. and Buscema, M., 2016. Pleiotropic actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in dysregulated metabolic homeostasis, inflammation and cancer: current evidence and future perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences,17(7), p.999. Monsalve, F.A., Pyarasani, R.D., Delgado-Lopez, F. and Moore-Carrasco, R., 2013. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.Mediators of inflammation,2013. Reilly, S.M. and Lee, C.H., 2008. PPAR as a therapeutic target in metabolic disease.FEBS letters,582(1), pp.26-31.